Antalya is the fifth-most populous city in Turkey and recognized as the "capital of tourism" in Turkey and a pivotal part of the Turkish Riviera, Antalya sits on Anatolia's southwest coast, flanked by the Taurus Mountains. With over 2.6 million people in its metropolitan area, it is the largest city in Turkey's Mediterranean Region, situated along the Mediterranean Sea.
The city was formerly known as Attalia and was founded in around 200 BC by King Attalus II of Pergamon. Attalia was soon conquered by the Romans. Roman rule saw the city thrive, including the construction of several new monuments, such as Hadrian's Gate, and the flourishing of nearby ancient cities such as Patara, Xanthos and Myra in the Lycia region; Perga, Aspendos and Side in Pamphylia; and Sagalassos, Antioch and Termessos in Pisidia. These cities were already significant centers before Roman influence. Attalia has changed hands several times, including to the Seljuk Empire in 1207 and an expanding Ottoman Empire in 1391.Ottoman rule brought relative peace and stability for the next five hundred years. The city was occupied by Italy for three years in the aftermath of World War I, but was recaptured by a newly independent Turkey in the Turkish War of Independence.
While the city itself only has modest elevation changes, Antalya has high mountains in all directions to its interior. With moisture being trapped, the local climate thus has high winter rainfall, while the interior bay setting result in very hot summers for a coastal city.
The city is Turkey's biggest international sea resort on the Turkish Riviera. Large-scale development and governmental funding has made it a prime destination for tourists. Antalya is currently the fourth-most visited city in the world, trailing behind only Istanbul, London, and Dubai, attracting more than 16.5 million foreign visitors in 2023.
Kaleiçi is the historic city center of Antalya, Turkey. Until modern times, almost the entire city was confined within its walls. It has structures dating the Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, Ottoman and modern Turkish republican eras. Most of it however, dates to the late 18th and 19th centuries. While some of the traditional Turkish homes are occupied by residents, many have been converted into boutique hotels, restaurants and shops selling handicrafts and other folkloric arts. The area has been undergoing to an extensive restoration by the municipality of Antalya.
The Kaleiçi area is located in the centre-eastern portion of the city along the mediterranean coast fronted by the yacht harbour that dates to the Roman era.
The name Kaleiçi means "Inside the Kale" or "Inner Kale" (Kale itself means castle or fortress).
Hadrian's Gate, located in Antalya, Turkey, is an impressive triumphal arch built in honor of the Roman Emperor Hadrian, who visited the city in 130 AD. The gate features three majestic arches flanked by towering marble columns, adorned with intricate reliefs and carvings that showcase Roman artistry. It served as the main entrance to the ancient city of Pamphylia and remains a significant historical landmark. Visitors can admire its well-preserved structure while exploring the surrounding area, which reflects the rich history and cultural heritage of Antalya, making it a must-see attraction for history enthusiasts.
Perge, an ancient city located near Antalya, Turkey, is renowned for its rich history and well-preserved ruins. Founded in the 3rd century BC, it was an important center for the Pamphylia region. Visitors can explore the remnants of impressive structures, including the Roman theater, which seats 12,000 spectators, and the stunning Hellenistic city gates. The ancient agora, with its beautiful colonnades, and the impressive stadium further showcase the city's architectural grandeur. Perge also features intricate mosaics and artifacts in its archaeological museum, offering insights into the daily life and culture of its inhabitants throughout the centuries.
Aspendos, an ancient city located near Antalya, Turkey, is famous for its remarkably preserved Roman theater, considered one of the best in the world. Built in the 2nd century AD, the theater can accommodate around 15,000 spectators and features excellent acoustics, allowing for performances to be heard throughout the venue. The city was also known for its advanced aqueduct system, basilica, and agora, reflecting its significance in the region during ancient times. Today, Aspendos is a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors with its rich history, stunning architecture, and annual cultural events, including performances of classical music and theater.
The Temple of Apollo is a Roman temple built around 150 A.D. during the Pax Romana era in the ancient Carian town of Side, in southern Turkey on the Mediterranean Sea coast and dedicated to Apollo, the Greek and Roman god of music, harmony and light. The Temple of Apollo dates back to the time of Roman emperor Antoninus Pius (r. 138–161).
Between 1984 and 1990, the five columns, which remained standing side by side over centuries, and the capitals were restored. As the concrete base carrying the columns started to wear down, and the iron bars inside the columns came to the surface effected by weather conditions, restoration works were carried out in 2017. The broken parts of the columns were repaired with same material used during the restoration in the 1980s.
The Temple of Apollo is a notable tourist attraction in Antalya Province.
Olympos, an ancient Lycian city located on the southern coast of Turkey, is renowned for its stunning natural beauty and rich history. Nestled within a lush valley, Olympos features remarkable ruins, including a theater, Roman baths, and ancient stone houses, many of which are partially reclaimed by nature. The site is famous for its unique combination of historical significance and beautiful beaches along the Mediterranean coast. Visitors can explore the ruins, hike in the surrounding national park, and relax by the tranquil Olympos River, making it a perfect destination for history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.
Phaselis, an ancient Lycian city located on the southwestern coast of Turkey, is renowned for its stunning beaches and rich historical significance. Founded in the 7th century BC, Phaselis served as an important trade center with three natural harbors. Visitors can explore well-preserved ruins, including a Roman theater, aqueducts, and temples, while wandering through the lush pine forests surrounding the site. The picturesque beaches offer opportunities for swimming and relaxation, making it a perfect destination for history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike. Phaselis is not only a glimpse into the ancient world but also a beautiful spot for leisure and exploration.
